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Engineering Nature: Engineering Earthquakes

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This video describes the causes of earthquakes.

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with a destructive force more powerful than a hydrogen bomb the ground shook for a full minute Nvidia facial on countless buildings crumbled homes with offices when it was over 70,000 people have died 20,000 were missing and more than 5 million were left homeless 7000 miles away in Southern California overdue earthquake hits Los Angeles just as hard as it hit China prior earthquakes all lit off every 200 years or so kept going when's it going to happen you know guys I can see the see now it was pretty flat today looks like we're going to have a good day on the water why is the Salton Sea located in one of the most geologically active regions in the world 31 Mi long nine miles wide the Salton Sea is at the crossroads of 7 salt mine eyewear earthquakes are engineering these crack sometimes around level dumb are so big they can even be seen from the air guy Brennan disco from the Scripps institution of oceanography and a team of scientists are the modern-day Lewis and Clark of the Salton Sea fault line a fault is a rupture in the Earth where plate or pieces of the earth Slide by one another the longest fault meet you at the San Andreas Fault California broken into three distinct fault Zone Northern Central and Southern the San Andreas fault is a long complicated Foster it doesn't jog it is has been to this segment but there's hundreds of smaller fault that are peppered throughout the region many scientist believe San Andreas earthquake for three years Driscoll and this team have been mapping the architecture of the faults in the area to find out how often earthquakes occur here and whether a future earthquake on one of the smaller phone can trigger the big one on a San Andreas just come out of the southern part of the song we're sitting right to the west of where the San Andreas fault comes out door Bombay Beach between the Imperial fall to the South and the San Andreas fault is it called the Brawley seismic zone is very active and has many earthquakes what we call swarms of earthquake understand is how do you spell communicate every year dozens of minor place these irregularly shaped ride on the weaker material below they are driven in part by the bushing puller gravity San Andreas Fault in the southern segment of the phone the plates are lot other elastic dress when a week is part of the rock finally break 2018 is of the phone flip Merchant pass each other Kristen doute powerful ways of energy earthquake today's mission is to determine the exact length of the San Andreas fault till now and ran 180 miles to the Mojave Desert just north of Los Angeles the Salton Sea Mud Pot bubbling bath of gas and mud tell a different story a possible clue that the San Andreas fault under the lake and is far longer than anyone previously thought acting on a colleague Driscoll's charting a beeline course straight across the lake from the Mud Pot to the fault line he is looking for any sign that the San Andreas connect to the mud lot it's a freaking idea because earthquake has more energy the longer the fault line the larger that you're awake and hi Danny Driscoll Church in satx fisticated sonar device that can map the seafloor go back and forth and we is continuous data to create a three-dimensional image of the seafloor revealing any fault line but before the team can even though it's single fast they run straight into a bubbling piece of evidence still on. the naked eye Crystal Clean have found what looks like the missing link between the Mud Pot this is water coming up from Jeff like we broke up in the water a closer look reveals that the Undertaker is a hydrothermal vent perfectly with the mud pots on the southern Shore and the San Andreas fault to the north section of the San Andreas fault extends under the leg ruffle 18 Mile and additional percent for Driscoll's team is quiet sign play that again that thing imagine of fault The Fault in a break the rock pathway for fluid to athletes wow as exciting as the Flying J's to the discovery Reading England Driscoll pays a visit to the side of the mud box listen to that sound look at the bubbles boiling features why not for the features and Star Auction and they're tracking the San Andreas Fault care about finding these traces of faults earthquake scale false statements that rupture and have a certain they can yield a bigger earthquake so now that is section of a fault is. that much more dangerous but just how much destruction can massive ground-shaking Khan in an earthquake the building review Nature's truth an hour earthquakes are overpowering destructive forces killing tens of thousands of people this year building normally protect us religious Elementary earthquake beetle traps around the world earthquakes kill because many buildings are not made to withstand the powerful ground-shaking especially in highly populated developing nations like Pakistan nature Engineers three kinds of earthquakes each with its unique style of devastation the most powerful earthquakes convergent boundary play Collide like iceberg at the first played is front under the second place over millions of years the slow continuous Collision of the Eurasian and Indian plate gave ride to the Himalayas in the ocean plate Collision causes earthquakes deadliest effects the 2004 Sumatra tsunami is caused by a magnitude 9.0 earthquake that traveled more than 600 miles along the fault line separating the Indian and Burma play seismologist Walter Mooney ocean wave which will travel great distances repowering Heights tension earthquakes are caused by two plates moving away from one another as molten rock Isis from below they have been mostly under ocean to be affected the country of self because blades are separating beneatha seismologist Christine vaults yard has recorded earthquakes across Iceland other plate boundaries is that the place transforms on his pee pee for me anymore and it splits in these big earthquake California earthquakes are caused by strike slip faults transform faults in another as in the lock sections of the San Andreas Fault causing the terrible earthquake in LA understand the effect of the power generated by Nature Structural Engineers manufacture earthquakes current testing facility at UC San Diego earthquake making machine in the world we have fun everyday doing this stuff operations manager earthquakes on demand text to tremendous amount of equipment to reproduce an earthquake big electric motors take oil and put it under pressure for this piping approximately 60000 horse 25 40 feet long about 7 and 1/2 e Beck 300,000 today the team is testing the effects of a strike-slip earthquakes on a three-story vintage 1920s California building made of unreinforced masonry wall essentially bricks without any open field support construction of the type of building which band after the 1933 Long Beach earthquake collapse schools and homes but hundreds of e building build an earthquake zones of Southern California the Mediterranean Asia to get the shaking just right the shake evil relies on a series of fast-moving and allowed Tipton you would actually see the Pistons moving now sometimes they'll move so fast that your eye doesn't refresh fast enough to see where they're moving believe it or not 4 the building appears to survive the Quay but only because it's held up by a central support right there by the engineers Ali apartment house failed today the engineer's replicated a 7.1 magnitude earthquake seismologists use a magnitude scale to express energy than a magnitude and of the heart the engineers Mauser another machine as a unit from a 7.15 severe ground shaking intensity the dangers revealed by the shade table of what lies in store when the big one is Los Angeles did you think about 7.5 or 7.8 magnitude earthquake I would say we're going to have a lot of damage anywhere buildings are going to perform better than the older buildings because they've been designed to perform better the older buildings such as masonry some of the older concrete are not going to perform solo paperback yes on the Salton Sea the evidence is mounting for an earthquake in LA that's going to test even the strongest earthquake proof building going from south to North ER energy and the faucet Los Angeles California earthquake country deer nature unleashes dozens of earthquake sitting with one damaging Quake every decade but here at the question on everyone's mind is when's the big one in Earth wake of 7.0 or greater going to strike 125 miles Southeast of Los Angeles search for the answer because the more active the the greater the possibility that could be pushed so let lose its power with three or four earthquakes to know did they move every hundred fifty years every 200 years start recording morning now George good years of napping did they find another the salsa garden garden sharp edge drop in the seafloor marks the spot of a recent earthquake finding new bolts and recent earthquake is exciting that is amazing but it's evident that the Phone Zone seems to be heating up never been map G-Force carbon telling us that he's bought their very active meatballs have expression on the group if they happened recently in geologic history yesterday and so they still are experiencing earthquake and what's really important question is Kenny Bob Bob Billy trigger earthquakes in the southern San Andreas Fault now the Driskill narrow is the San Andreas fault zone is very much alive under the sea where to find out just how active why there's no way to know the precise date of the next big earthquake there might be a way to get close by the time between big earthquakes in history the scientist detect patterns in Quake activity telling them when do the San Diego State univ I've been working today how often do earthquakes occur on the segment of the San Andreas fault just east of the Salton Sea the last place I'm right I filled in a bunch of gas so we have much more detailed chronology I think good guy says engineered a 15 foot deep trench along you're the salt and feeds Eastern Shore they cut a swath directly across the San Andreas Fault still here we are in the deepest part of the Salt Creek trench standing right on the San Andreas fault meals on the Pacific Plate I'm on the North American Plate and when the next one goes He shifted to the right and I'm going this way freshly exposed wall history of every earthquake in the area going back for more than four thousand years the table quarter of the San Andreas fault is right here and just every break we can see how continuous they are this is a fault here where the layers aren't continuous and they have shifted and you can see that this layer stops here jumped up to here in the Falls is a thin line during the earthquake does The Fault in this area moves probably about 12 to 20 feet in one job when he found the earthquake is there any kind of organic matter week radiocarbon date and get a an actual age go far in the 1200 years sites have been able to be going back 6 earthquake to the NBA would Delta robot estimate of the time between earthquake and this appears to be about 20 years between big events the time since the last major event on the San Andreas fault here is about 300 25 years that means the San Andreas Fault of extra energy I'll need your engineer catastrophic awake either side of the fault are moving at a certain speed and at some point it has to give and they have to shift that amount that they've already moved because of that we think that the next earthquake will ship more at this spot that probably means it'll be a larger earthquake believe me more energy and that can really be the big one how will the big one affect loss and San Francisco preview Los Angeles city is built on Johnson oil good for human settlement and very bad for earthquake protection during an earthquake building on top of God's got a new one built on the table bedrock in San Francisco in 1989 the 15 seconds of ground shaking in the Loma Prieta earthquake 63 people died 3704 injured quick set fires in the Marina District on the Bay Bridge in San Francisco magnitude earthquake was built better call it a 50 ft section of the upper deck to collapse one Motoring working the construction of a 77 million-dollar replacement Bridge according to bridge designer earthquakes San Francisco for singularly hard in the Bay Area play earthquakes energy to the Earth in the form of two distinct ways primary for P wave pushing and pulling the rocks that they fast shaking the ground lower secondary whatever Direction they are traveling act like an amplifier for the ways of rock the soil the Luther and thicker the toilet recipe for Destruction what happens if the wave travels and draw a cat when they get to a soyboy they you don't get to filtered and they get magnified on land and sea waves cancer Doyle so much liquefaction felt these buildings in the 1906 earthquake the San francisco-oakland Bay Bridge your fault into the West is not overdue for a large earthquake do anytime from magnet 6.8 to 7.0 earthquake do with all these tough problems engineered by Nature how do you build a bridge that can survive the Shake Rattle and Roll cause public information officer Bardenay this was designed to accommodate going to happen here for the anticipated the mountain looking for such a long. Of time and if it got to the point where the expenses. The old bridge with two rigid in Resident. Ahmad Islands made of deal for some 300 feet need solid Bedrock that bangle standing in the batter's box about so that you can better accommodate red start shaking its got a better Foundation avoid some of that movement what's average needed Bill more flexibility is going to be ocean at the same time as the shaking is taking place all energy is going into the bridge itself that basically goes for the ride like surfing a way Secret end of the bridge and Independence deep in the bridge just under the roadway bartnicki explains about a hundred about the San Francisco Bay at a location where we have two parts of the bridge feeding deliberate failure into the system earthquake right now that bridge moving in one way and this bridge moving in tenets of it is this piece right here that is designed to fail it will bend it will deform it will take the energy between the two different structures so that we don't have damage on either side the new day bro if the big earthquake strike the area the bridge here is kind of like the gutters on your house or design 4 year flood the Bay Bridge of design for a 1500 year earthquake 220 miles south of San Francisco and Parkfield California another team of researchers is working on a major construction project of Their Own drilling right into the park of an active earthquake zone will what they find provide clues about what Nature's earthquakes are made of all of it is beautiful. around the world earthquakes are engineered in various ways don't causing more destruction than others located in central California parking micro Quake hundreds of tiny fault movement Go Gentle Touch humans don't notice it in some parts of the fault of creeps along steadily without without using earthquake Stanford University Professor Mark still backed is one of the principal investigators update fought the San Andreas fault Observatory at death he is part of a group of scientists really deep inside the San Andreas Fault the very first time the question why all the micro Quakes but no big Quake San Andreas fault seem to break all the rules didn't seem to obey the laws of physics everywhere else obeyed in the question is why what was the fault made out of what was happening inside San Andreas fault that made a V8 and in order to answer the questions we had to drill Define cuck but drilling into a landscape on the Move isn't easy using techniques oil industry years to drill a hole angle 4 km for nearly two and a half mild right into the fault Zone with a probe and play the first thing the team did in 2004 sample the first ever taken from an actual Phone Zone where nature makes earthquake when we are about to obtain the first samples of the San Andreas fault it was a moment of gardens exhilarate and I had great excitement she was our first opportunity I'll look at it Beauty Rock back at USGS headquarters in Menlo Park near San Francisco and go back and she'll figure. For example hear This Together constitute the San Andreas fault on if he has a lot of play in which is a very soft slippery mineral that one there these are pieces of a mineral be copper along with Serpentine 15 found talc this dog is mineral in nature and quite possibly the answer the team has been looking for everyone knows how is having a great time there are only hope we all know about talcum powder and so why the San Andreas fault flipping usually and has such a kalkan phone the middle section of the San Andreas Fault by Shawn and Niall dating each other without much resistance but in the segment to the North and South outside of LA and San Francisco the rocks are harder than a place are locked when they finally released energy understand each other the result is a catastrophic awake all right so far it's still the theory but the team is excited because he posed for half a century finally answered by the core sample further south Neal Driscoll is putting together all his research to answer the big question about the big quake working in a trench that cut do the southern San Andreas big one Destin to Strike Los Angeles engineered by nature is 125 years over now traveled 104 to the mecca Hills how big will the big one be on the fault right here so I want you to get Dolly right there and this guy coming in the back it's about six shots tyrez school graduate students are using laser surveying equipment called lidar text to track the magnitude of the last major earthquake to shatter they set up a base station at the bottom of the hill and a second instrument at the top malevolent the result is a precisely detailed 3D computer model of the terrain Bound by gravity carving out going straight line but when an earthquake occurs the ground under the sea during the 1906 San Francisco earthquake the measure the lateral Movement we need to know the awesome during an event the size of the earthquake the data revealed is clear and frightening it shows an Abrupt 14 ft jump in the Gully lines in the 1680 Quake the ground snapping seconds that calculates out to a magnitude 7 Quake because the big one is so long overdue the next one could be even bigger based on the laundry between that event and now this long. Of quiescent people are estimating V next event to be up to 7.8%. How would the city Los Angeles fair in a magnitude 7.0 earthquake from the San Andreas Fault on November 13th 2008 we found out November 13th 2008 find a big one strongest earthquake in 325 years along the Southeastern most part of the San Andreas Fault 1000 people have been injured but don't worry this was Gephart at the Great Southern California ShakeOut is the largest Statewide drill ever exercise has begun Sergeant John Hargrave does tactical planning for LA County Emergency Operations next big earthquake we are 9 months pregnant on where do we need compare we need to be ready for this emergency responders prepare simulation actually creating an earthquake and running it on the computer a simulation which was the question of what will happen when the earthquake does occur how strong will the what areas are going to be more affected than others where will we need to concentrate Bar Rescue effort the scenario begins at 10 in the morning make their way to work a congested freeway 125 Mi South at the Salton Sea the earthquake has just begun to break along the San Andreas fault geology yogurtville dances the epicenter and propagates northward earthquake could be the size of a magnitude of 7.8 traveling at earthquake Los Angeles we're looking down the ball towards the South the red line on this plane back to the father actually slipping past one another as the fall break in the can is propagating it travels at about the speed of sound Sonic Boom it's occurring within the Earth around one minute into the Mario the earthquake seismic waves as much as amplify reverberating back and forth for several minutes almost at the jello where Basin very strongly when is Easter seismologist Dave walls in downtown Los Angeles to Los Angeles basin play hard here we expect us the realest way for quite some time can hypothesize in this area within about five high-rises will be damaged influence perhaps collapse play significant loss of life missionario older structures that are unable to persuade will become brittle from the rumble anyways and overpasses will crack and vet 1600 tires will break out across the city the Mars going to be put off by your house is coming loose from their foundations and getting up gas line ripped open water heaters like to loosen the walls any place where there are old wood structures old neighborhoods they can get whipped up just like I found the front so how did Los Angeles do in a 7.8 magnitude earthquake can be added 53,000 were injured and the ground shaking caused over 200 billion dollars and dammit what chakra drill the exact what's in the future for trying to understand first and make the hazards created with them last when can't predict earthquake by understanding the Earth will be in a better position to move forward while in the future

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Engineering Nature: Engineering Earthquakes

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