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Noble gases video

Added Feb 22, 2018 •

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the noble gases are the most stable group of elements they are all colorless and odorless with a few exceptions they are a nerd meaning they do not readily react with other elements helium is the second most abundant element in the universe but it is rare on Earth because it is so light it easily escapes the atmosphere most EarthBound is it natural gas deposits deep underground neon is best known for the colorful lights of Broadway and Las Vegas not known to form many compounds neon is complete beginner argon is the third most abundant gas in the Earth's atmosphere it is often employed to create energy environments for industrial processes and light bulbs Krypton is occasionally combined with our God to create unreactive atmospheres for industrial processes it is also used for lighting in High Speed photography 1962 scientists were able to form a compound between Xenon and fluorine making Xenon the first noble gas to react with another element improving the even the noble gases can form compound the right conditions it is most commonly used in high-powered and strobe lights radon is the only radioactive noble gas it was first observed as make a product of radium it may present a health hazard if it is found inside a house do you understand why it is so difficult for the noble gases to form compounds let's take a closer look at the periodic table the elements are listed in the order of their atomic number which represents the number of protons in an element nucleus in its ground or normal State the nucleus surrounded by a number of electrons equal to the number of protons as the atomic number increases generally so does the size and mass of the atoms reading from top to bottom each horizontal line on table is called a. Each. Represents the number of electron shells normally occupied by an elements atoms for example a Krypton atom has four electron shells so Krypton lising read for meanwhile the radon atom in. 6 has 6 electrons shells reading across the table from left to right the vertical lines of elements are called groups elements in a have the same number of electrons in their outermost electron shells these are called valence electrons and they dictate how elements interact elements in the same group generally interact with other elements similar ways none of the elements greater than atomic number 83 are completely stable all of them including radon are radioactive all the noble gases reside in group because each one has a full valence shell a helium for Shell has two electrons all the other noble gases have eight electrons in their outermost shell because the night gases need no electrons to be stable they rarely react with other elements only the heavier noble gases form compounds and then only in special laboratory conditions Krypton Xenon and radar will react because as you move down the group and atoms hold on its valence electrons becomes weaker the stability of the noble gases is actually useful property these gases are you in many situations where unreactive gas is needed to maintain a safe and constant environment industrial processes such as welding ReliOn atmospheres of noble gases to prevent explosions and Vintners use Argan to prevent wine from turning to vinegar all of the noble gases will conduct electricity neon maybe the most familiar gas used for lighting but Don Krypton and Xenon also pleurx and combined they create many different colors element number 2 on the. table is helium the atomic symbol for helium is he helium is a very light inactive gas that is odorless colorless tasteless and non flammable guess its name from the Greek word Helios which means son because helium was observed on the sun before it was found on Earth helium is classified as a noble gas in the periodic table first row. One each atom of helium consists of two electrons that surround a compact nucleus which contains almost all the atoms math the most common form alien its nucleus has two positively charged protons plus two uncharged neutrons to negatively charged electrons balance helium's to protons please elect are found in a single orbital shell surrounding the nucleus the sphere shaped one at Shell a nest shell can only hold two electrons so helium's electrons fill the shell this completely filled electron shell makes helium and the other noble gases extremely unreactive with other elements is this experiment a red balloon is filled with pure helium gas helium is very light about seven times less dense than ordinary air released at the same time as a blue balloon filled with argon the helium balloon Rises quickly into the sky it is so much lighter than the surrounding air meanwhile because Oregon is about 35% denser than air the blue balloon falls to the ground helium is widely used in party balloon scientific balloons and blimps combined with oxygen it is used by deep sea divers in scuba tanks kill you may also one day find why do you thin super nothing electrical system and nuclear power plants space is often considered the final frontier 4 x duration since 1961 NASA has made many efforts to extend the United States exploration into space ever usable vehicle design for regular milk the space shuttle traveled into space multiple times the shadow could not have been realized without the element helium to escape Earth's gravity and enter orbit several engine get to work together to accelerate the shuttle to the speed of almost 7 miles per second the shadow has a main engine at the back of the fuselage which is fueled by a large external tank liquid oxygen and hydrogen two solid rocket boosters for S RVs are on the sides of the external tag its main engine in the Rockets power the lift off after about 2 minutes the rocket boosters separate from the shuttle and fuel tank has fallen to the ocean once recovered NASA will use them again about 9 minutes after lunch the external tank disengages from the shuttle unlike the Rockets the tank burns up as it descends through the atmosphere about a minute later the orbital maneuvering system were OMS fires to place the shuttle into orbit this system requires helium to operate without it gravity would pull the shuttle to Earth the LMS require some creative engineering to operate in the vacuum of space first NASA had to come up with a way to create combustion in the absence of oxygen the solution is to mix fuel with an oxidizer a compound that has the same effect as Elemental oxygen but it's easier to contained the liquid Fuel and oxidizer are kept in separate tanks when they combine they produce of volatile gas that powers the shuttle another feat of engineering is the pump the pump needs to move the fuel and oxidizer out of their tanks and into the engine but a mechanical pump is likely to break down or require adjustments in space so NASA Engineers developed a helium pressure pump for the OMS Gillian Katz it high pressure in a single tank is attached to the fuel and oxidizer tanks to ignite the OMS helium gas is released through a series of bells and tubes it forces the other liquids from their tags into the air where they combine and ignite helium is ideally suited to its role in The Shadow because it has a full valence shell it is completely inert so there is no danger of it reacting with the fuel or the oxidized this prevents any loss of usable fuel as well as mine or damaging explosions any non reactive gas might serve the same purpose but helium is the best is because it is so light every extra pound of weight the shuttle carries requires more energy to get into orbit as one of the lightest substance is known helium Powers the OMS with the least of just wait at the end of the successful Mission the shuttle astronauts fire the OMS one last time to return to Earth black folks went inside Arts a gravitational field the shuttle essentially falls to the ground thanks to helium the astronauts could enter space and return home safely element number 10 on the periodic table is neon the atomic symbol for neon is any an odorless and colorless gas neon gives off an intense red light under high voltage neon is name from the Greek Neo meaning new neon is classified as a noble gas it lies in the periodic table second row. each atom of neon consists of a cloud of electrons surrounding a compact nucleus that contains almost all the atom's mass in the most common form of Neon it's nucleus has 10 positively charged protons + 10 uncharged neutrons neon has 10 negatively charged electrons to balance its 10 protons these electrons are found two orbital shell surrounding the nucleus which can be visualized is being built up from the nearest preceding noble gas helium Gilliam has two electrons distributed in one orbital shell neon has 8 more electrons than helium the first two electrons are found in the sphere shaped 2's orbital shell the final six electrons build the three lobe Shake two P orbitals as the 2s and 2p orbitals are all filled neon 2nd level valence shell is complete this makes neon and the other noble gases very stable and extremely unreactive with other Neon gas is contained within was discharged to the pressure of the contain neon is low enough and the voltage across these two electrodes is high enough for the neon to conduct electricity notice how would emits a characteristic orange red glow due to excitation of the electrons when placed in the path of the electricity neon is the fourth most abundant element in the you but only a very small fraction of neon is found in the Earth's atmosphere neon is best known as the source of the reddish orange glow in neon lights but it's also been used to make voltage detectors and TV 2 ever since Thomas Edison invented the incandescent light bulb our world has been an electrical one scientists were fascinated by have naturally occurring elements produced life they began to experiment with other gases in 1910 French scientist George Claude sent an electrical current through gas to produce the first neon lamp and the neon sign was born white light was practical but colored lights were daring and glamorous they did more than the way they mesmerized with their glow the first neon sign in America was displayed in Los Angeles California people were so fascinated by they literally stopped traffic to see it today we see me on all around us in those brightly glowing signs that make everyday words like pizza and burgers shine nor do they shine more brightly than in Las Vegas Neon Trees forms this ordinary desert into one of the brightest spots on the planet people are like insects they just and they're drawn to it then they wanted and so the casino operators and everybody here put a how to light out and it just draws people in it just says we're having a party here come on in it takes a unique blend of science and art to bring Las Vegas still life and the properties of neon make it possible Neon is an inert gas which in its natural ground steak is odorless and colorless however when an electric current runs through a tube filled with the gas that all changes the energy supplied by electrical current is absorbed by some of the electrons in neon outer shell and they temporarily jump to a higher energy level after a brief period of time the excited electrons fall back to their original location The energy they lose as they return to their shell is admitted as like causing neon to Glow the wavelength of the light energy determines the color of the fluorescence while all those brightly Alex Ines are commonly known as Neon Nights it takes other gases individually and combined to achieve over 150 different colors neon produces a familiar reddish below well crypto closest silvery-white and Xenon green blue artist known as Benders produce Neon Signs by bending LED glass tubes into various shapes the tubes can be bent into shapes or is it is the form words once created neon signs can last for decades the beauty of life has lured man ever since he harness the power of electricity but nothing catches the I quite like Neon element number 18 on the periodic table is argon the atomic symbol for Argon is AR Argon gas is shown rotating within a discharge two it is maintained at a low pressure to conduct electricity and it emits a characteristic bluish light argon is a monatomic noble gas is colorless and odorless in its natural state the name argon comes from the Greek Argos meaning Idol or inactive argon is classified as a noble gas it lies in the periodic tables Woodrow. 3 each atom of argon consists of a cloud of electrons surrounding a compact nucleus that contains almost all the atom's mass in the most common form of argon it's new it says 18 positively charged protons plus 22 uncharged neutrons argon has 18 negatively charged electrons to balance its 18 protons these electrons are found in three orbitals surrounding the nucleus which can be visualized as being built up from the nearest preceding noble gas neon neon has 10 electrons distributed among to orbital shells argon has 8 more electrons than Neon first two electrons are found in the sphere shape 3s orbital shell the final six electrons are distributed among three lobed shaped three p orbitals a p shell Can Only Hold 6 electrons so are God's elect please fill the shell this completely filled electron shell makes are gone and the other noble gases extremely unreactive with other elements in an argon Arc furnace an electrical current of approximately 100 amps is used to strike an arc between a movable tungsten probe and the objects to be melted this Arc is conducted by a low-pressure atmosphere of pure Argan which glows like a pale green flame using this technique temperature in excess of 3000 degrees Celsius can be achieved because argon is completely unreactive the incandescent Target is protected oxidation argon is most useful for creating an inert or unreactive atmosphere in various situations it is used to fill incandescent and fluorescent light bulbs to buy oxygen from corroding the hot filaments argon is also used for arc welding and similar processes that require shielding from atmospheric gases or when explosion or other forms of oxidation May pose a problem element number 36 on the periodic table is Krypton the atomic symbol for Krypton is KR here gas is rotating in a discharge tube it is colorless and odorless in its natural state but it emits a silvery white light as it conducts electricity the name Krypton comes from the Greek kryptos meaning hidden what time lies in the periodic tables for throw. For it is classified as a noble gas which atom of Krypton consists of a cloud of electrons surrounding a compact nucleus that contains all of the atom's mass in the most common form of Krypton its nucleus has 36 positively charged protons plus 48 uncharged neutrons Krypton has the Third 6 negatively charged electrons to balance it's 36 protons these electrons are found in for orbital shells surrounding the nucleus which can be visualized as being built up from the nearest preceding noble gas Oregon has 18 electrons distributed among three orbital shells Krypton has 18 more electrons than Argon the first two electrons are found in the sphere shaped for a orbital shell the next 10 electrons fill 5 Clover shaped 3D orbitals and the final six electrons are distributed among three lobed shaped for p orbitals shell Can Only Hold 6 electrons so krypton's electrons fill the shell this completely filled electron shell makes Krypton and the other noble gases extremely unreactive with other elements cheer low pressure Krypton is contained inside a discharge tube 3000 volts are applied to the two electrodes excited the electrons in the gas and then a characteristic silvery-white light as they fall to their ground state Krypton is used for lighting for High Speed photography some fluorescent light bulbs are filled with a mixture of Krypton and argon gases Krypton also goes into Luminous signs that with a greenish yellow light in 1960 the length of the meter was defined in terms of the orange-red spectral line of an isotope of Krypton recently a helium neon laser replace Krypton as this day A1 Glass crashing to the floor breaks into a million pieces the rhythm of rainfall can be heard and seen by removing the barriers of time High Speed photography provides a glimpse into a hidden world it's a world where common occurrences become extraordinary the idea is Simplicity itself when recording speeding up film causes images to slow way down that's the basic principle of fast motion photography but things often aren't as simple as they look step into a high-speed studio in Eddsworld world of Hollywood high technology a normal camcorder record images at a speed of 30 frames a second in slow motion photography the idea is to expose the film at much higher speeds regularly we shoot it over 10,000 fan II this is Walt 1 seconds worth of film at 10000 frames a second look like as opposed to real-time one frame a second so it's very impressive we can shoot anything out to a court limit in frames per second which would stop a bullet in the past only Superman can stop a speeding bullet now any Average Joe with the right camera Superman the basic mechanism of any high-speed timer is it is a very very powerful most of the Ritz the film through the camera enormous speeds anything up to three or four hundred miles an hour so you need numismatic lights in order to keep the exposure on the subject requirements of High Speed photography require anything but an average light source special lights using Krypton or put work a Krypton light source produces an exceptionally bright light together several provide enough light for high-speed filming put on the brightness and it's extremely fast response to an electric current make it invaluable for Quality High Speed photography film shot at high speed is played back at normal speed this technique expands time and makes things appear to move much slower than in real life the result is a breathtaking marriage of technology and art we were recently working with somebody shooting a Taekwondo black belt as he karate chop through slate sandwood and what we discovered was so there was no Michelle player that traveled off his arm as he came in contact High Speed photography can make a scampering dog appear to run gracefully it shows us that cats really do land on their feet when dropped from a low height technique enables everyday activities to gain a Grace in the beauty that you wouldn't imagine element number 54 on the periodic table is Xenon the atomic symbol for Xenon is xe Xenon is a colorless odorless gas that conducts electricity at low pressure the name Xena derived from the Greek xenos the word for strange Xenon is classified as a noble gas Eli's and the periodic tables 5th Row. 5 which atom of xenon consist of electrons surrounding a compact nucleus that contains almost all of the atom's mass in the most common form of xenon its nucleus has 54 positively charged protons plus 78 uncharged neutrons Xenon has 54 negatively charged electrons to balance its 54 protons these electrons are found in 5 orbital shell surrounding the nucleus which can be visualized as being built up from the nearest preceding noble gas Krypton has 36 electrons distributed among for orbital shells Xenon has 18 more electrons than Krypton the first two electrons are found in the spear shaped 5S orbital shell 10 electrons kill V Clover shaped 4D orbitals and the final six electrons fill three lobed shaped v p orbitals as the 5S and 5 P orbitals are filled xenon's fifth level Bailon shallots this makes renin and the other noble gases very stable and extremely unreactive with other elements Xenon conducts electricity at low pressure pressure eyes dizziness and we did a discharge tube discharge tubes are usually made from glass and hold two electrodes sealed at each end a voltage is applied to the two electrodes the pressure and voltage of the contain Xenon is high but did you not to conduct electricity between the electrodes and burn with a characteristic blue violet glow due to the bright white light produced when excited Xenon is most commonly used in stir lights and other powerful Lance the light emitted from Xenon can also be used to kill bacteria and power certain types of lasers element number 80 pics on the periodic table is radon the atomic symbol for Radon is RN radon is a colorless odorless gas present in the Earth's crust it has a short half-life but is constantly produced by radioactive decay of uranium the name radon comes from Radio because it was first observed during radians radioactive decay radon is classified as a noble gas it lies in the Periodic Table 6 the row. 6 each atom of radon consists of a cloud of electrons surrounding a compact nucleus that contains almost all of the atom's mass in the most common form of Ray. It's nucleus has 86 positively charged protons plus 136 uncharged neutrons radon has 86 negatively charged electrons the balance 86 protons electrons are found in six orbital shell surrounding the nucleus which can be visualized is being built up from the nearest preceding noble gas Xenon Xenon has 54 electrons distributed in 5 orbital shells radon has 32 more electrons than Xena the first two electrons are found in the spherical 6s Orbital The Following for electrons fill the 7 Lok shaped 4f orbitals the next 10 electrons fill the 5 Clover shaped v d orbitals and the final six electrons fill the three lobe shaped 6 P orbitals radon is extremely unreactive with other elements because it's valence shell is complete radon enters buildings in many ways trapped indoors it becomes concentrated regularly in basements that have little ventilation radon radioactivity makes it dangerous to living things but it is possible to test the level of danger this radar detector is a long-term Alpha track device it can be placed in areas that may be exposed to radon after several months the detector was analyzed for evidence of radon the sensitive Detector service in this device is damaged by the hour particles given off as radon decays into other elements the amount of damage determines the level of radon concentration even though radon may present a health hazard in a home Hospital sometimes you small amounts to treat forms of cancer have a small Spa in France naturally occurring radon is used as an alternative therapy for everyday elements such as allergies and indigestion

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