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Added Nov 18, 2021 •

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and this mountain biker heads up the trail the breakfast he ate this morning is being burned to Fowler his bike ride his breathing rate increases as his leg muscle demand more oxygen to burn more fuel let's Zoom down to where the fuel is burned ourselves here the blood vessel on the left delivers Fuel and oxygen to a single muscle cell in cellular respiration energy and fuel is converted to a tipi shown here a starburst most ATP is made in the cells mitochondria 80P power the work of the cell such as contraction let's take a closer look at how ATP is produced from a molecule glucose are fuel only the carbon skeleton is shown to keep things simple the first step is called glycolysis and it takes place outside the mitochondria to begin the process some and she has to be invested next the molecules split in half now the molecule NAD plus an electron carrier picks up electrons and hydrogen atoms from the carbon molecule becoming nadh keep track of the electron carriers they play an important role by transporting it France to reactions in the mitochondria in the final steps of glycolysis some ATP is produced but not much for every glucose molecule only two net atp's are produced outside the mitochondria however glycolysis how to produce pyruvic acid which still has a lot of energy available which follow this pyruvic acid molecule into a mitochondria to see where most of the energy is extracted as a molecule enters the mitochondria one carbon is removed forming carbon dioxide as a byproduct electrons are stripped forming nadh coenzyme a attaches to the two carbon fragment farming acetylcholine coenzyme a is removed and the remaining two carbon skeleton is attached to an existing for carbon molecule that serves as the starting point for the citric acid cycle the new 6 carbon chain is partially broken down releasing carbon dioxide several electrons are captured by electron carriers and more carbon dioxide is released the carbon dioxide that you exhale comes from the reactions of cellular respiration two atp's are produced by the citric acid cycle for each molecule of glucose at this point only a small number of atps have been produced however more energy is available in the bonds that are being transported by electron carriers well the citric acid cycle starts another round let's follow an electron carrier to the next step in the process electron carrier such as nadh deliver their electrons to an electron transport chain embedded in the inner membrane of the mitochondria in the chain consists of a series of electron carriers most of which are proteins that exist in large complexes electrons are transferred from one electron carrier to the next in the electron transport chain let's take a closer look at the path electrons take through the chain as electrons move along each step of the chain they give up Abby synergy the oxygen you breathe pulls electrons from the transport chain and water is formed as a by-product the energy released by electrons is used to pump hydrogen ions the blue ball across the inner membrane of the mitochondria in creating an area of high hydrogen ion concentration hydrogen ions flow back across the membrane through a turbine much like water through a  the flow of hydrogen ions which activates the production of ATP be spinning turbines in your cells produce most of the ATP that is generated from the food you eat the process you just observed cellular respiration generates 10 million a teepee per second in just one cell that 80 pecan power a biker up the trail or it can power your brain cells as you learn challenging biology topics

Uploaded by Jan Gowin.

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