Videos

The Chemistry of Carbon/Diamonds, etc

Added Dec 12, 2018 •

Copy this URL:
Embed code:	<iframe class="edlio-embed-player" type="text/html" width="640" height="360" src="//jhs.jisd.org/apps/embed/?v=202663" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> Change dimensions

Watch this video and answer the accompanying questions. You may have to look up some of the term definitions.

Show Transcript

our society is a mobile one cars buses trains and planes transportes from place to place carbon and hydrocarbons such as those in the gas you might find in a car contains only the elements hydrogen and carbon these organic molecules are produced crossed crossed beneath the oceans in order to reach the oil companies have to drill down into the layers of rock store takes place in the open ocean this is the most extreme drilling rig in the world drill for oil in deepest Waters and the seven seas most offshore rigs Kingsville only in water up to about 1700 Ira is designed to drill for oil in water close to twice that at this point the rig can't be secured to the ocean floor instead it floats on two masses submerged pontoons it usually takes about 120 people to run the Iraq rod two teams have 60 that work 12 hours on hours off for 3 weeks at a stretch it can keep drilling for oil 24 hours a day 7 days a week 365 days a year drilling for oil is expensive so careful planning is crucial but how do oil companies know where to set up the drilling rig how do they find location that are likely to contain crude oil to determine exactly where to drill just examine three dimensional Maps like this one colors indicate the different types of underground formations the data is gathered from a seismic survey with scientists study Rock layers scientist into Earth the aim is to heat as many oil reserves as possible using well vicinage the blue blobs are Sandstone full of oil accumulations trillion cubic feet of gas or more exist here now trained cubic feet of gas if we put it in context which he did look 6 million homes for a year once the seismic data has been analyzed workers on board the Iraq War drilling deep into Earth's crust it costs ten of millions of dollars to sink a single well and is considered successful if gas is found in one well out of every five company is a huge Gamble but if they do find oil or gas and can extract it it could be worth billions unquenchable thirst for hydrocarbons has driven a massive surge in technology to help locate fossil fuels and to build rigs that can drill in the most extreme conditions what elements are found in hydrocarbons as you want this  think about the forms that you are carbon can take carbon comes in many forms and one of the best-known is the diamond the hardest of all natural materials and among the most beautiful carbon is a unique element it can bond with itself and with other elements by Dimond is made up of pure carbon and sometimes contains other materials that call if you're a the carbon atoms in a diamond are arranged in a crystal structure each carbon atom is bonded to four other carbon atoms this Arrangement makes diamonds both strong and stable diamonds do not easily react without a cow diamonds form about 160km underground there pressure 5000 times greater than surface pressure and temperatures over a thousand degrees Celsius hot enough to melt cause carbon atoms to form diamond crystal the beauty and popularity of diamonds make them one of the most well known for but actually most carbon comes in this form light graphite is a strong material that is often combined with other materials to reinforce everything from fire planes in a carbon atom bonds to three nearby atoms to form flat layers each graphite layer is incredibly strong and stable although only one atom thick it takes millions of these layers just to form the tip of a sharpened pencil which is actually made of graphite mixed with clay rubbing off layers of carbon and graphite are strong the forces between atoms in different layers are weak so because the layers can slip past each other graphite is soft scientists are now studying another form of pure carbon which they think has the potential to be the foundation of Newhart of your material materials that could be the basis of a bull new engineering plan proposed for Tok okay in Japan the Shimizu MegaCity pyramid a three-dimensional City with skyscrapers suspended from it like fruit on a tree and people speeding between them through a vast Matrix of Halo supports what is the most crowded cities in the world Tokyo Japan is bursting at the seams hoping to relieve the stress of overpopulation the city's construction industry has trained its sights on the only bigot lot around the water's edge in this artist's drawing of the MegaCity pyramid skyscrapers appear to float gracefully on the Waters of the Bay the engineers have designed tubular supports called Megatron to hold this massive structure together the trusses will not only support the huge skyscrapers but will also contain Transportation Systems to enable hundreds of thousands of people to move through the city but can be Snow Building Materials such as concrete and steel could never withstand the massive weight of this proposed City Engineers know they needed a breakthrough of unprecedented proportions a material that play lighter than steel and a thousand times stronger scientists have discovered a form of pure carbon that is closely related to graphite nanotubes has piece of graphite that says interested in dirt and resilient tubes are far too small to be seen with the naked eye they are only a few nanometers in diameter which is about 1 10,000 the width of a human hair carbon nanotubes are tough and lightweight metal plastic or ceramic nanotubes could lend these materials their Incredible strength super strong and super lightweight combinations of substances known as composites in fact nanotubes are decimeters pyramid is built a True Green Forest Composites less material would be the basis for the pyramids built Mitsubishi pyramid could survive for thousands of years possibly even outlasting the pyramids in Egypt materials such as this cylindrical track switch change the pyramids transit system is an engineer's dream scientists believe carbon nanotubes to revolutionize they are being high for a number of applications in electronics they might be you new generation of computer chips with transistors much smaller than those that are now exiting silicon and television manufacturers are starting to incorporate that into a new generation of flat panel TV screen once go to fully understood scientists believe they could have a huge impact on the way we live what are three forms of pure carbon

Uploaded by Debra Hood.

Videos

The Chemistry of Carbon/Diamonds, etc

More videos from Debra Hood