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Signal Transduction

Added Mar 02, 2016 •

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receptors that are plasma membrane protein usually affect the cell through multi-step signal transduction pathways  this play the low for amplification of signals and Signal coordination and regulation  signal transduction often involve smaller molecules second messenger and protein phosphorylation by enzymes called protein kinase  second messengers are small non protein that act as intermediaries in Signal transmission  two important second messengers are cyclic amp and calcium ions put amp access to messenger and Pathways initiated by both G protein linked receptors and receptor tyrosine kinase the hormone epinephrine acts via cyclic amp as a second messenger  and epinephrine molecule docks for the scepter protein which acts through a g protein to activate the enzyme adenylyl cyclase adenylyl cyclase converts ATP into cyclic amp or Camp which quickly diffuses through the cell and triggers further steps in the signaling pathway  did this sell we show it Act sing a protein kinase  calcium ions also act as second messengers in Signal transduction pathways next time we will show receptor tyrosine kinase G protein linked receptors can also initiate release of calcium ions the signal molecule docs with the receptor and act make an enzyme called fossil lipase see the enzyme cleaves a small molecule called inositol to phosphate ip3 from a certain kind of rain phospholipid on the endoplasmic reticulum the channel opens releasing calcium ions into cytoplasm where they activate proteins that carry out cell responses  sometimes called protein kinase Azhar importantly in many signal transduction pathway a protein kinase catalyzes the transfer of phosphate groups from ATP to another protein more often than not the activated protein is also a protein kinase which may act on still another protein kinase  1ky nese May activate molecules of the next type of Chinese in the chain the flying the signal until the last Tiny's activates many molecules of the protein that carries out the final cellular response

Uploaded by Jan Gowin.

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Signal Transduction

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